But when this bacterial system, especially in the small intestine, overgrows, it causes disease in humans: the disease “Small Intestinal Microbial Hyperplasia SIBO”.
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Gut microbiota young
The human intestine contains tens of trillions of bacteria in thousands of different species. This intestinal microbiome is parasitic and does not cause disease in children but plays an important role in the digestive process: helping to digest some foods that the human stomach and small intestine do not have corresponding enzymes; biosynthesis of some B vitamins and vitamin K; Therefore, the intestinal flora also affects some endocrine-metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, autism, and some diseases. cancer.
In particular, small intestine bacteria will secrete enzymes that break down fat in food and release compounds. biologically active substances that help intestinal mucosa cells absorb and transport fats.
Small intestinal bacterial hyperplasia< /p>
* Identifier
Overproduction Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth SIBO is a medical condition caused by the overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria. This condition occurs in about 10-15% of people over 65 years old. Because of this bacterial imbalance in the intestine, patients often suffer from digestive disorders such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea…
Four main causes Causes of SIBO are: (1) Abnormally slow motility of the digestive system; (2) Reduced stomach acidity; (3) Abnormal structure of the small intestine; and (4) Weakened immune system.
SIBO is also a complication of the following diseases: Cirrhosis Crohn’s disease Celiac disease Hypothyroidism HIV infection Diabetes mellitus IBS Scleroderma…
Other risk factors for SIBO: Old age Female High use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to treat gastritis Gastrointestinal surgery Antibiotic use Alcoholism…
* Identifying signs</ p>
Signs and symptoms of SIBO are often similar to other digestive disorders, especially irritable bowel syndrome IBS and lactose intolerance.</ p>
Symptoms of SIBO include: Stomach pain; Bloating; Bloating ; Bloating; Constipation; Nausea; Strong-smelling stools; Weight loss….
* definitive diagnosis?
Because SIBO has many general and non-specific symptoms and there is no specific “golden” test Therefore, a definitive diagnosis is still very difficult.
Currently, to diagnose SIBO, doctors must look for suggestive signs and symptoms and medical history. The patient should then be examined thoroughly to check for signs of excess gas or bloating. If they suspect SIBO, a breath test may be performed: measuring the levels of hydrogen and methane produced by the bacteria. occurs when carbohydrates are broken down in the intestine. Blood, urine or intestinal fluid tests are also needed for further analysis.
* Complications
SIBO can cause many harmful effects to the body. Due to damage to intestinal mucosa cells, the absorption of nutrients is impaired:
(1) Reduced absorption of carbohydrates causes the body to lack the necessary energy and lose weight. malnutrition and weight loss. Unabsorbed carbohydrates will ferment, causing bloating and diarrhea.
(2) Short-chain fatty acids are the main source of nutrition for cells. colon lining. These cells are a strong intestinal barrier that helps eliminate harmful substances viruses and bacteria..resulting in reduced inflammation reducing the risk of cancer.
(3) Reduced protein absorption leads to weight loss, anemia, reduced immune function.
(4) Reduced absorption of minerals and vitamins. In SIBO, bile acids responsible for digestion and absorption of fat are missing, so fat absorption will decrease, leading to a decrease in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A D E K with the following consequences: Vitamin A deficiency causes diseases. eye disease and immunodeficiency. Vitamin D deficiency causes osteoporosis and depression. Vitamin E deficiency affects the reproductive system and prevents aging. Vitamin K deficiency causes hemorrhagic coagulation disorders. Overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine also uses water-soluble vitamins, reducing the body’s supply: Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to peripheral neuritis and anemia…
Other complications of SIBO include: Leaky gut Joint pain Constipation Hepatic encephalopathy “brain fog” bacterial overgrowth will degenerate carbohydrates into lactic acid causing brain acidosis causing the patient to have headaches and difficulty concentrating.
* Treatment and prevention</ strong>
The treatment of SIBO has 3 goals: (1) Regulate the balance of bacteria in the small intestine with broad-spectrum antibiotics and changes in regimen. diet; (2) Symptomatic treatment of the consequences of SIBO such as dehydration, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency…; and (3) Treat underlying diseases and risk factors.
Suggested FODMAP intakes for SIBO often contain ingredients: * oligosaccharides: wheat beans onions asparagus * disaccharides: milk yogurt butter soft cheese * monosaccharides (fructose and glucose): fruit honey apple mushrooms.
SIBO is often the result of an underlying medical condition or structural disease of the small intestine. Therefore, controlling the root cause will also reduce the risk of recurrence.
Some things to discuss
Intestinal bacteria play a very important role in food digestion, endocrine-metabolic system, control of intestinal diseases, immune system… Especially intestinal bacteria The young will secrete enzymes that break down food fats and release biologically active compounds that help intestinal mucosa cells absorb and transport fats. The dynamic balance of intestinal bacteria helps stabilize the operation and function of the digestive system.
Food plays an important role in balance intestinal bacteria. Diets high in sugar and fat often have a “negative” effect on intestinal bacteria by allowing harmful species to overgrow.
Now Because SIBO is not fully understood, the treatment cannot be called “standard”. Therefore, research needs to continue further and further to find a more effective scientific method of prevention and treatment.
Change Conclusion
In the body, dynamic balance is a mandatory condition for cells, tissues, organs and systems to function effectively: Number of cells Blood concentration of biological substances, breathing, heart rate… fluctuate up and down but are always stable at a constant average level.
Bacterial tract The intestines in general and small intestinal bacteria also need such balance: lack of them will cause excess disease and harm. In clinical practice, many cases of intestinal dysbiosis caused by prolonged antibiotic use only need to be supplemented with probiotic bacteria. On the contrary, using probiotics “indiscriminately” can have harmful side effects: Satish S.C. Rao and scientists at Augusta Georgia University in the United States showed that probiotics once grown in the small intestine cause lactic acidosis and “brain fog” with bloated intestines, headaches, pain and dreams. The membrane cannot concentrate and think.
In short, the intestinal bacterial system is very useful for the digestive system, endocrine, immune metabolism… and overwhelms harmful bacteria. disease-causing bacteria. In fact, the balance of bacteria in the intestine can be adjusted in three ways: (1) Using probiotics after courses of antibiotics; (2) Use prebiotics and dietary fibers for beneficial bacteria; and (3) Treat underlying diseases and risk factors for intestinal dysbiosis. It is also important to remember: Small intestine bacteria: lack or excess both cause disease!
Dr. Tran Ba Thoai </p >
Member of the Executive Committee of the Vietnam Endocrine Association
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